The Anfal campaign was a genocide of Iraqi Kurds which took place in the late 1980s. The following is an attempt to bring together some of the best analyses, trial judgments and summaries of al-Anfal available on the web.
The best place to start is Human Rights Watch's excellent Genocide in Iraq, The Anfal Campaign Against The Kurds.
Next, but not for the faint hearted, is the 900 page ruling of the Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT) in the Anfal trial which has been made available in English by the very useful Grotian Moment blog on the IHT. For an analysis of the IHT ruling from a former consultant to Human Rights Watch and the International Center for Transitional Justice turn to Jennifer Trahan's A Critical Guide to the Iraqi High Tribunal's Anfal Judgment: Genocide Against the Kurds.
Other sites of interest incude:
- CHAK, an NGO focused on Anfal and Halabja's survivors
- Maps of the 8 Anfal operations
- Van Anraat case summary (includes links to court rulings). Frans van Anraat was the Dutch businessman convicted of war crimes for selling precursors of chemical weapons to Iraq.
- ITN news footage of Halabja from 1988.
And for further reading, offline, you could do worse than consider the very thorough:
A Poisonous Affair, America, Iraq, and the gassing of Halabja, by Joost Hiltermann (currently at the International Crisis Group) which gives us an analysis of the use of chemical weapons by Iraq both against Iran and its own Kurdish citizens, and the ignominious role of the US and other UN member states in tolerating this crime against humanity.
... and the insiders' view of the Iraqi High Tribunal:
Enemy of the State: The Trial and Execution of Saddam Hussein, by Michael A Newton and Michael P Scharf.
